Blue Tory
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A Blue Tory in Canadian politics is a conservative who advocates for free-market, fiscally conservative, or economically liberal policies[1] such as reductions in public spending, tax cuts, opposition to deficit spending, and a more limited role of government.
The term has been applied to members of the modern Conservative Party of Canada and provincial Progressive Conservative parties, as well as the historical Reform Party of Canada and its successor, the Canadian Alliance. In contemporary language, Blue Tories are sometimes described as "true-blue Conservatives".[2]
The most recent and popular example of Blue Toryism was the tenure of Stephen Harper, who served as prime minister from 2006 to 2015. Harper's government negotiated several free-trade agreements and implemented several tax cuts (including cuts to the goods and services tax (GST) as well as the corporate income tax and personal income tax).
History
[edit]Prior to the 1960s, these conservatives were most identified with the Montreal and Toronto commercial elite who took positions of influence within the Progressive Conservative Party. Since the mid-1970s, they have been heavily influenced by the libertarian movement and the more individualist nature of American conservatism.[3] Blue Tories tend to favour market-oriented economic policies such as devolution of federal power to the provincial governments, a reduced role for government in the economy,[1] reduction of taxation and similar mainstream market liberal ideals. They also advocate self reliance, individual responsibility, personal freedom and liberty and therefore do not necessarily support social conservatism.[3][4]
One example of a provincial Blue Tory government in Canada was the "Common Sense Revolution" provincial Progressive Conservative government of Ontario Premier Mike Harris. The Harris Tories were widely viewed as radical by Canadian standards in their economic policies and style of governance. Harris' government embarked on a number of initiatives, including cuts to education, welfare and Medicare, privatization of government services and health care, the sale of provincial highways and the forced amalgamation of municipalities. Provincial income taxes were also cut by 30% and corporate tax rates were nearly cut in half during the Harris mandate.
Federally, the most popular example of a Blue Tory government was that of Stephen Harper, who was prime minister from 2006 to 2015. Tax cuts were prevalent during Harper's tenure; he reduced the goods and services tax (GST) from seven percent to five percent; reduced the corporate income tax rate from 21 percent to 15 percent; and implemented personal income tax cuts during the Great Recession. Other economically liberal policies from the Harper government included the privatization of the Canadian Wheat Board, the negotiation of free-trade agreements such as the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), and the introduction of the tax-free savings account (TFSA). In order to balance the budget, Harper implemented various public spending cuts during his third term in office (2011–2015); one notable change was the increase in eligibility for Old Age Security from 65 years of age to 67, though this planned change did not go into effect as it was subsequently reversed by the succeeding Liberal government of Justin Trudeau in 2015.
Most Blue Tories are at least somewhat ideologically aligned close to the economically liberal positions of the former Canadian Alliance and as such supported the merger between the PCs and the Alliance to form the new federal Conservative Party of Canada (CPC).
Notable adherents
[edit]Notable Blue Tories include:
- Mike Harris, Premier of Ontario (1995–2002)[5]
- Stephen Harper, Prime Minister of Canada (2006–2015)[5][6]
- Ralph Klein, Premier of Alberta (1992–2006)[5]
- Preston Manning, former leader of the Reform Party[5][6]
See also
[edit]- Conservatism in Canada
- Fiscal conservatism
- Red Tory
- Wets and dries, similar factionalism in the Conservative Party (UK)
- Small-c conservative
- Blue Grit
References
[edit]- ^ a b Gagnon, Alain-G.; Tanguay, A. Brian (2016). Canadian Parties in Transition (Fourth ed.). University of Toronto Press. p. 122. ISBN 978-1-4426-3470-1.
- ^ Whittington, Les (August 23, 2021). "A true-blue Tory in the Conservatives' big tent? In search of Erin O'Toole". Hill Times. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
- ^ a b Postmedia News (April 9, 2012). "Alberta election pits PC's 'red' versus Wildrose's 'blue' conservatives, experts say". National Post. Retrieved August 8, 2019.
- ^ "Why Jews were red tories". Canadian Jewish News. March 4, 2015. Retrieved August 8, 2019.
- ^ a b c d "Conservatism". The Canadian Encyclopedia.
- ^ a b "Red Tory". The Canadian Encyclopedia.