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Hatta, Gaza

Coordinates: 31°39′06″N 34°44′28″E / 31.65167°N 34.74111°E / 31.65167; 34.74111
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This article is about the former Palestinian village in the Gaza district. For other uses, see Hatta.
Hatta
Etymology: Hatteh[1]
1870s map
1940s map
modern map
1940s with modern overlay map
A series of historical maps of the area around Hatta, Gaza (click the buttons)
Hatta is located in Mandatory Palestine
Hatta
Hatta
Location within Mandatory Palestine
Coordinates: 31°39′06″N 34°44′28″E / 31.65167°N 34.74111°E / 31.65167; 34.74111
Palestine grid125/117
Geopolitical entityMandatory Palestine
SubdistrictGaza
Date of depopulationJuly 17–18, 1948[4]
Area
 • Total
5,305 dunams (5.305 km2 or 2.048 sq mi)
Population
 (1945)
 • Total
970[2][3]
Cause(s) of depopulationMilitary assault by Yishuv forces
Current LocalitiesZavdiel,[5] Aluma[5]

Hatta (Arabic: حتا) was a Palestinian Arab village of 1,125 inhabitants that was depopulated after a July 17, 1948 assault by Israeli forces of the Givati Brigade during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war.[6][7] Following the war the area was incorporated into the State of Israel and Zavdiel and Aluma were established on the land that had belonged to Hatta.

Location

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The village was situated in a flat area on the southern coastal plain. It was probably named after the al-Hut tribe, originally from Najd in central Arabia, who camped near the site at the end of the fifth century A.D.[8]

History

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The Arab geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi (d. 1228) referred to the village as Hattawa and said it was the home of the Islamic scholar ´Amru al-Hattawi.[8]

The village's residents came from Egypt, Transjordan and the Hejaz.[9]

Ottoman era

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Hatta, like the rest of Palestine, was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517, and in the tax registers of 1596 it appeared under the name of Hatta as-Sajara as being in the nahiya of Gazza, part of the Sanjak of Gaza. It had a population of 15 households, all Muslim. The inhabitants paid a fixed tax rate of 25% on wheat, barley, sesame, goats and/or beehives; a total of 5,600 akçe.[10]

During the 17th and 18th centuries, the area of Hatta experienced a significant process of settlement decline due to nomadic pressures on local communities. The residents of abandoned villages moved to surviving settlements, but the land continued to be cultivated by neighboring villages.[11]

Edward Robinson passed by the village in 1838, and described its houses as being made of adobe bricks.[12] It was also noted as a Muslim village in the Gaza district.[13]

In 1863 Victor Guérin visited the village, which he estimated to have 600 inhabitants. He noticed that beside the well were four barrels of broken columns, three gray-white marble, and the fourth of bluish marble. The latter, placed horizontally at the orifice was deeply furrowed by the rope that animals or men had used to raise the water. In a oualy dedicated to Neby Amran he noticed some stones with the same ancient look. Around the village were large plantations of tobacco, here and there also stood several groups of beautiful pine, olive and fig trees.[14]

An Ottoman village list of about 1870 showed that Hatta had 78 houses and a population of 211, though the population count included only men.[15][16]

In 1883 the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described the village as being surrounded by gardens, some of which contained a few tamarisk trees. SWP also wrote that the name Hatteh preserved the name of the Hittites.[17]

British Mandate era

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In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Hatta had a population of 570 Muslims,[18] increasing in the 1931 census to 646, still all Muslim, in 140 houses.[19]

Hatta 1930 1:20,000

In the 1945 statistics Hatta had a population of 970 Muslims,[2] with 5,305 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey.[3] Of this, 4 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 5,108 used for cereals,[20] while 45 dunams were built-up land.[21]

Hatta 1945 1:250,000
Hatta 1948 1:20,000

1948 and after

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Yiftach Brigade position in Hatta, 1948

Hatta was captured on July 17–18, 1948, during Operation Death to the Invader, the last operation of the Ten Days period—the period between the two ceasefires of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.[22] Following the war the area was incorporated into the State of Israel and in August 1948 a moshav named Revaha was slated to be built on the site. However, the plan was not implemented until 1953. Another moshav, Zavdiel was established in 1950 on village land, while Aluma was founded on village land in 1965.[5] Qomemiyyut and Rewacha are both close by, but not on village land.[5]

Walid Khalidi described the village site in 1992: "A small portion of the site is covered by a forest, planted by Israelis. The debris of houses are scattered under the trees. Sycamore trees and cactuses also grow on the site. The surrounding lands are cultivated. The British built military airport is still in use."[5]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ personal name, according to Palmer, 1881, p. 367
  2. ^ a b Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 31
  3. ^ a b Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 45
  4. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xix village No. 301 Also gives the cause for depopulation
  5. ^ a b c d e Khalidi, 1992, p. 101
  6. ^ "Welcome to Hatta". Palestine Remembered. Retrieved 2007-12-03.
  7. ^ Operation An-Far
  8. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 100
  9. ^ Grossman, D. (1986). "Oscillations in the Rural Settlement of Samaria and Judaea in the Ottoman Period". in Shomron studies. Dar, S., Safrai, S., (eds). Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishing House. p. 381
  10. ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 147
  11. ^ Marom, Roy; Taxel, Itamar (2023-01-01). "Ḥamāma: The historical geography of settlement continuity and change in Majdal 'Asqalān's hinterland, 1270 – 1750 CE". Journal of Historical Geography. 82: 49–65. doi:10.1016/j.jhg.2023.08.003.
  12. ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 2, p. 370
  13. ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, 2nd appendix, p. 118
  14. ^ Guérin, 1869, p.125
  15. ^ Socin, 1879, p. 155
  16. ^ Hartmann, 1883, p. 133, also noted 78 houses
  17. ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. 260. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p. 100
  18. ^ Barron, 1923, Table V, Sub-district of Gaza, p. 9
  19. ^ Mills, 1932, p. 3.
  20. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 86
  21. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 136
  22. ^ Wallach, 1978, p. 47

Bibliography

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